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71.
采用单源检测法对三家兰炭企业的SO2、NOx排放量进行了测定,核算了产排污系数,并与《第一次全国污染源普查工业源产排污系数手册》(以下简称《手册》)中对应系数进行了比较。结果显示,兰炭行业SO2产排污系数为0.0057~0.0733kg/t,NOx产排污系数为0.0824~0.2014kg/t,与《手册》比较得知,焦化行业SO2产排污系数在本研究的产排污系数区间内,但均值约是本研究产排污系数的2.9倍;焦化行业NOx产排污系数与本研究中排污系数区间无重叠,且均值约是本研究产排污系数的2.8倍。 相似文献
72.
针对火灾图像识别过程中颜色特征数量多、特征间相关性复杂、难以在多维特征融合过程中有效融合图像颜色特征等问题,提出1种考虑颜色特征最优组合的CART决策树火灾图像识别方法。首先,在Lab、RGB、HSV 3种色彩模式下基于图像颜色特征提取火灾图像特征序列;其次,分别在3种色彩模式下基于精细决策树与特征随机排列组合方法提取颜色特征中最优组合特征;最后,将提取的火灾图像最优组合特征序列作为CART决策树输入进行模型训练,并通过测试样本以及其他机器学习方法进行模型泛化能力的分析。研究结果表明:本文方法寻找出识别火灾图像的最优颜色特征组合为“Kb1+Var1+Kg+Kb2+Var2+Kh+Ks+Kv”;CART决策树方法对于火灾图像识别的测试准确度可达84.5%,其分类效果明显优于其他决策树类与集成树类方法;9折为最佳交叉验证折数,其测试准确度可达86.47%,与5折交叉验证相比明显提升14.77%。研究结果可为火灾图像识别提供方法基础。 相似文献
73.
74.
《Environmental Forensics》2013,14(1):81-87
Methyl tert -butyl ether (MTBE) plume is controlled by many factors, primarily by groundwater flow velocity, dispersion, natural attenuation. This study employed an analytical model introduced by Domemico (1987, J. Hydrol 91 , 49-58.) to describe the MTBE concentration distribution horizontal pattern and estimated the MTBE plume length. The model was applied to 90 leaking underground storage tank cases in Los Angeles, CA, U.S.A. The analytical model was calibrated with field data for each ease using a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet program. Methyl tert -butyl ether concentrations in one source monitoring well and one to two downgradient centerline monitoring wells were used for each case study. When the centerline well is not available, the closest off-centerline wells were projected to the centerline using an ellipse trigonometry method. The model parameter values for longitudinal dispersivity, groundwater velocity, and degradation rate constant were calibrated using the field data and then used to estimate the maximum distance between source well and the plume edge. This study demonstrates that the Domenico model can be applied to MTBE plume investigation when adequate field data are available. The correlation coefficients calculated based on the results of the 90 case studies indicate that MTBE plume length has a poor correlation with MTBE concentration at the source well, and a moderate negative correlation with the degradation rate constant ( m 0.65) and u / v ratio (0.64). Furthermore, MTBE plume length has a poor correlation with the longitudinal dispersivity ( m 0.4), hydraulic gradient ( m 0.1), and groundwater velocity (0.17). 相似文献
75.
This study investigated the available and utilized friction during non-slip gait in level walking, and determined the limit which human starts to walk carefully to adapt to slippery surface. Sixteen floor–footwear-contaminant conditions with different slipperiness (dynamic coefficient of friction, DCOF, from 0.11 to 1.06) were employed. Fifteen harnessed Chinese male performed ten self-paced walking trials in each condition without slips. The utilized friction (COFu) was obtained from the maximum value of shear to normal ground reaction force ratio during the first 25% stance. ANOVA and Tukey tests showed three subsets with similar COFu, and confirmed the hypothesis that the utilized friction drops gradually when the available friction drops below a certain critical limit. Non-linear regression models were applied to the data to determine the COFu to be 0.20 and the limit of available ground friction which human starts to walk carefully to adapt to slippery surface (DCOFlimit) to be 0.41. 相似文献
76.
77.
Gini Index for Cities: A Preliminary Study on Regional Differences of Chinese City Size Distribution
Abstract City size distribution is of interest because of a number of key stylized facts, including notably Zipf's law for cities and the importance of urban primacy. But a new and more efficient method Gini index can be used for calculating regional city size distribution. This paper begins by developing a calculation method for the Gini index, dividing the whole country into 26 areas and then calculating each area's Gini index value. Based on these calculation results, this paper gives a preliminary study on regional differences of its city size distribution and the dynamics. 相似文献
78.
基于MRIO模型方法自主编制了2012年中国区域间投入产出表,测算了中国31省在生产者责任和消费者责任视角下的碳排放量,以及省际贸易隐含碳转移量.在此基础上,分别从各省在省际贸易隐含碳净转移与隐含GDP净转移之间的关系、污染贸易条件值以及碳基尼系数三个方面分析了我国省际碳公平性问题.由于经济发展水平、资源禀赋、产业结构和能源结构的差异,各省在生产者和消费者视角下的碳排放量存在明显差异;隐含碳净转入省份多位于西部或属于欠发达省份,隐含碳净转出省份多为经济发达省份.中国31省在省际贸易中存在着明显的碳不公平现象,部分发达省份不仅让外省承担了自身的部分碳排放,而且获得了来自外省的GDP净输入,污染贸易条件值也小于1,在碳排放空间分配及经济效益上均处于绝对优势地位;而部分西部省份不仅为外省承接了部分碳排放还对外省净输出了GDP,污染贸易条件值也大于1,在碳排放空间分配和经济效益上均处于绝对劣势地位.2012年我国31省碳基尼系数在消费者责任视角下为0.24,在生产者责任视角下则达到了0.31,表明生产者责任视角下我国省际碳排放空间分配不公平性有所增强. 相似文献
79.
Abdalla IM 《Journal of Safety Research》2002,33(4):483-496
Introduction: This paper examines crash and safety statistics from the Emirate of Dubai in an attempt to identify factors responsible for making this population at greater risk of crashes compared to other countries. Problem: In developing countries such as the United Arab Emirates (U.A.E.), motor-vehicle-related mortalities frequently exceed those of the industrialized nations of North America and Europe. Method: Fatality and injury data used in the analysis mainly come from Dubai Emirate police reports and from other relevant international sources. Groups of the population are identified according to associated risk and exposure factors. Influence and strength of the most common risk factors are quantified using relative risk, the Lorenz curve, and the Gini index. Further analysis employed logit modeling, and possible predictors available in Dubai police reports, to estimate probability and odds ratios associated with drivers that are deemed responsible for causing traffic accidents. Results: Traffic fatality risk was found to be higher in Dubai, compared to some developed nations, and to vary considerably between different classes of road users and groups of the resident population. The likelihood of a driver causing an accident is considerably higher for those driving goods vehicles, but it is also associated with other factors. Impact: Results provide epidemiological inferences about traffic mortality and morbidity, and suggest priorities and appropriate measures for intervention, targeting resident population. 相似文献
80.